Abstract Introduction Community health workers, like the physiotherapist, perform essential functions in primary health care, being an important element in the transformation of public policies. There are no reported studies investigating the knowledge of community health workers about health conditions amenable to physiotherapy intervention in primary health care. Objective To construct a questionnaire to investigate the perception of community health workers about health conditions that could be remedied by physiotherapy intervention in primary health care. Methods This was a methodological study in which it was initially an analysis matrix with the aim of encompassing the ideas contemplated in the questionnaire. To construct the instrument, a literature review was carried out, and health conditions treatable with physiotherapy in primary health care were chosen. To validate the content and appearance of the items, twelve physiotherapists specialized in primary health care judged the suitability of the items contained. The content validity index was used to determine the degree of agreement during the response analysis process. Subsequently, a semantic analysis was carried out through the understanding of the items by 15 community health workers. In the validation stage, two rounds of evaluation were carried out. Adjustments were made to 17 questions. Results The study investigated a questionnaire with 20 questions containing hypothetical situations of home visits, in which the resident's situation could or could not constitute a health risk amenable to physiotherapeutic intervention. Conclusion The community health workers perception instrument on health conditions amenable to physiotherapy intervention in primary health care proved to be valid for use in this context. The use of the instrument may contribute to the development of community health worker training programs, with the aim of facilitating team communication.

Resumo Introdução O Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS), assim como o fisioterapeuta, desencadeia funções fundamentais na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), sendo ele-mento importante na transformação de políticas públicas. Inexistem estudos que investiguem o conhecimento dos ACS sobre as condições de saúde sensíveis à inter-venção da fisioterapia na APS. Objetivo Construir um questionário de investigação da percepção dos ACS sobre as condições de saúde sensíveis à intervenção da fisioterapia na APS. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo metodológico no qual, inicialmente, construiu-se uma matriz de análise com o intuito de englobar as ideias contempladas no questionário. Para a construção do instrumento, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, sendo eleitas condições de saúde sensíveis à intervenção da fisioterapia na APS. Para a validação de conteúdo e aparente dos itens, 12 fisioterapeutas especialistas em APS julgaram a adequação dos itens contidos. Utilizou-se o índice de validade de conteúdo para verificar o grau de concordância durante o processo de análise das respos-tas. Posteriormente, realizou-se análise semântica por meio da compreensão dos itens por 15 ACS. Na etapa de validação, foram realizadas duas rodadas de avaliação. Foram feitos ajustes em 17 questões. Resultados O estudo resultou em um questionário com 20 questões contendo situações hipotéticas de visitas domiciliares, cuja situação do morador poderia ou não configurar um risco à saúde sensível à intervenção fisioterapêutica. Conclusão O instrumento de percepção dos ACS sobre as condições de saúde sensíveis à intervenção da fisioterapia na APS mostrou-se válido para ser utilizado no contexto da APS. A utilização do instrumento poderá contribuir na elaboração de programas de capacitação dos ACS, com o intuito de facilitar a comunicação da equipe.

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, urea is the most used nitrogen (N) fertilizer to improve forage production. However, their excessive use can cause environmental impacts through N losses, such as ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Therefore, the current study adjusted and estimated the NH3 volatilization from urea applied on tropical pastures in three rainfall conditions using mathematical models. Data were collected from Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha) fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1 during wet, intermediate, and dry conditions. Ammonia volatilization was measured in five semi-open chambers for 21 days. The linear, quadratic, exponential, Gompertz, Groot, and Richards models were tested for fitting and estimating the NH3 volatilization. The Gompertz, Groot, and Richards models generated predictions similar to the observed data, with a high determination coefficient, indicating a better fit of these equations to data, with precision and accuracy. However, the Groot model was selected due to the lowest root mean square error of prediction (0.29 % total N lost as NH3). The greatest N loss as NH3 volatilization occurred in the wet, followed by intermediate and dry conditions (20.2, 17.0, and 11.3 % total N lost as NH3, respectively). Therefore, nitrogen losses as NH3 volatilization after application of 50 kg N ha-1, as urea source, are altered according to the weather conditions, reaching 20% of N added in the wet rainfall period. The Groot model is recommended for fitting and estimating the NH3 volatilization from urea applied on Marandu grass pastures in the wet and dry rainfall conditions.

RESUMO: No Brasil, a ureia é o fertilizante nitrogenado mais utilizado para melhorar a produção de forragem. No entanto, seu uso excessivo pode causar impactos ambientais por meio de perdas de nitrogênio (N), como a volatilização da amônia (NH3). Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi ajustar a volatilização de NH3 da ureia aplicada em pastos tropicais em três condições de chuva utilizando modelos matemáticos. Dados foram coletados de pastos de capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) adubado com 50 kg N ha-1 em condições úmidas, intermediárias e secas. A volatilização da NH3 foi medida em cinco câmaras semiabertas durante 21 dias. Os modelos, linear, quadrático, exponencial, Gompertz, Groot e Richards foram testados para ajuste e estimativa da volatilização do NH3. Os modelos de Gompertz, Groot e Richards geraram predições semelhantes aos dados observados, com alto coeficiente de determinação, indicando um melhor ajuste dessas equações aos dados, com acurácia e precisão. No entanto, o modelo Groot foi selecionado devido ao menor erro quadrático médio das predições (0,29% de N total perdido como NH3). A maior volatilização de NH3 ocorreu em condições climáticas úmida, seguido por intermediária e seca (20,2; 17,0 e 11,3% de N total perdido como NH3, respectivamente). Portanto, as perdas de N como volatilização de NH3 após a aplicação de 50 kg N ha-1, como fonte de ureia, são alteradas de acordo com as condições climáticas, atingindo a 20% do N adicionado nas condições úmidas. O modelo Groot é recomendado para ajuste e estimativa da volatilização de NH3 da ureia aplicada em pastos de capim Marandu em condições úmidas e secas.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo: (i) traducir, adaptar y evaluar las propiedades lingüísticas y semánticas del Psychologist and Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale (PCES) para su uso en estudiantes de psicología y psicólogos en Brasil; (ii) evaluar los atributos psicométricos del PCES adaptado, incluyendo su validez de constructo y otras propiedades psicométricas relacionadas. Un total de 2139 participantes, que incluyen psicólogos y estudiantes de psicología (M edad = 25.36 años; DE = 9.46), participaron del estudio. El PCES exhibió índices de ajuste encomiables (CFI = .990; TLI = .989; SMR = .043) y el análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo reveló un nivel consistente de invarianza para estudiantes y psicólogos en ejercicio, así como entre participantes masculinos y femeninos. El análisis de red ofreció importantes perspicacias sobre la distribución de factores, mientras que la validez convergente del PCES fue corroborada por sus correlaciones con las subescalas de la Escala General de Autoeficacia Percibida (EGAP). Estos hallazgos afirman de manera inequívoca la confiabilidad y adecuación del PCES como instrumento de evaluación tanto para psicólogos como para estudiantes de psicología en el contexto brasileño.

Abstract: This study aimed to: (i) Translate, adapt, and evaluate the linguistic and semantic properties of the Psychologist and Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale (PCES) for use among psychology students and psychologists in Brazil; (ii) Assess the psychometric attributes of the adapted PCES, including its construct validity and other related psychometric properties. A total of 2,139 participants, comprising psychologists and psychology students (M age = 25.36 years; SD = 9.46), partook in this study. The PCES exhibited commendable fit indices (CFI = .990; TLI = .989; SMR = .043), and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed a consistent level of invariance between students and practicing psychologists, as well as between male and female participants. Network analysis offered significant insights into the distribution of factors, while the convergent validity of PCES was corroborated by its correlations with the subscales of the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS). These findings unequivocally affirm the reliability and suitability of PCES as an assessment instrument for both psychologists and psychology students in the Brazilian context.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo: (i) Traduzir, adaptar e avaliar as propriedades linguísticas e semânticas da Psychologist and Counsellor Self-Efficacy Scale (PCES) para uso entre estudantes de psicologia e psicólogos no Brasil; (ii) Avaliar os atributos psicométricos da PCES, incluindo sua validade de construto e outras propriedades psicométricas relacionadas. Um total de 2.139 participantes, incluindo psicólogos e estudantes de psicologia (M idade = 25,36 anos; DP = 9,46), participaram deste estudo. A PCES apresentou índices de ajuste admiráveis (CFI = 0,990; TLI = 0,989; SMR = 0,043) e a análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo revelou um nível consistente de invariância entre estudantes e psicólogos em exercício, assim como entre participantes do sexo masculino e feminino. A análise de rede ofereceu insights significativos sobre a distribuição de fatores, enquanto a validade convergente da PCES foi corroborada por suas correlações com as subescalas da Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida (AEGP). Esses achados afirmam de forma inequívoca a confiabilidade e adequação da PCES como instrumento de avaliação tanto para psicólogos quanto para estudantes de psicologia no contexto brasileiro.

ABSTRACT The present research aimed to compare the HRV of people living with HIV (PLWH) with non-infected individuals in aquatic and dryland environments. Twenty participants were divided into two groups. PLWH composed the experimental group (EG), and seronegative participants composed the control group (CG). In dryland, HRV was measured in time and frequency domains, as follows: 10 minutes in rest (RES), 20 minutes of moderate and intense aerobic exercise (EXE), and 30 minutes post-exercise recovery (REC). After 72 hours, the same procedures were repeated in the aquatic environment. HRV analysis demonstrated significant differences in Mean r-r (Δ%= 3.5%, p< 0.01) and rMSSD (Δ%= −19.4%, p< 0.05) when compared dryland vs aquatic environment in RES. We observed similar results in rMSSD (Δ%= 49.2%, p< 0.01), pNN50(%) (Δ%= 79.1%, p< 0.01), and SD1 (Δ%= 49.3%, p< 0.01), during REC. Significant differences (p< 0.01) were also demonstrated for the HF during RES (Δ%= −43.4%) and REC (Δ%= −28.8%). However, the EG intra-group analysis showed no significant differences. The inter-group analysis at RES in dryland demonstrated significant differences in rMSSD (Δ%= −36.5%, p< 0.05), pNN50(%) (Δ%= −54.8%, p< 0.05), and SD1 (Δ%= 46.5%, p< 0.05). We also observed significant differences in mean R-R intervals (Δ%= −17.8%, p< 0.01), SDNN (Δ%= −41.2%, p< 0.01), rMSSD (Δ%= −50.5%, p< 0.01), pNN50 (Δ%= −73.6%, p< 0.001), and SD1 (Δ%= −50.4%, p< 0.001) during water immersion as well as the HF (Δ%= −67.6%, p< 0.01). The mean R-R interval (Δ%= −16.3%, p< 0.01), SDNN (Δ%= −46.4%, p< 0.001), rMSSD (Δ%= −57.0%, p< 0.001), pNN50 (Δ%= −73.1, p< 0.001), and SD1 (Δ%= −57.1, p< 0.001) also showed significant differences during REC. Water immersion increases the CG vagal modulation as expected. However, without any influence in EG. The results indicate a decreased vagal modulation in PLHIV in ART, indicating a possible autonomic dysfunction over the heart for this group.

Abstract In order to explore possible connections between Glauber Rocha and Ailton Krenak, this essay investigates the echoes and relationships between these two figures who are different in their attributions, social positions, and political-aesthetic ambitions, but who share a commitment to urgent issues in the public debate of their respective historical times. Thus, we propose a transversal dialogue between the two thinkers in the oneiric dimension (the institution of the dream), which will perhaps best traverse their affinities and differences. Although an association between Glauber Rocha and the Amerindians or between Ailton Krenak and the Cinema Novo may seem unusual, this essay highlights the untimely affinity of the institution of the dream in the resonances and dissidences between Glauber Rocha's manifestos “Eztetyka da Fome” (1965) and “Eztetyka do sonho” (1971) and Ailton Krenak's books, Ideas to Postpone the End of the World (2020) and Life is Not Useful (2021).

Resumen Con el fin de explorar las posibles aproximaciones entre Glauber Rocha y Ailton Krenak, este ensayo investiga los ecos y las relaciones entre dos figuras distintas en sus atribuciones, lugares sociales y ambiciones político-estéticas, pero que comparten un compromiso con cuestiones urgentes en el debate público de sus respectivos tiempos históricos. Así, proponemos un diálogo transversal entre los dos pensadores a partir de la dimensión onírica (la institución del sueño), que quizás sea la que mejor atraviese sus afinidades y diferencias. Aunque parezca inusual una asociación entre Glauber Rocha y los amerindios, o entre Ailton Krenak y el Cinema Novo, el ensayo enfatiza la afinidad intempestiva de la institución del sueño en las resonancias y disidencias entre los manifiestos de Glauber Rocha “Eztetyka da Fome” (1965) y “Eztetyka do sonho” (1971) y los libros de Ailton Krenak, Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo (2020) y A vida não é útil (2021).

Resumo A fim de explorar as possíveis aproximações entre Glauber Rocha e Ailton Krenak, este ensaio investiga os ecos e as relações entre duas figuras distintas em suas atribuições, lugares sociais e ambições político-estéticas, mas que compartilham um engajamento em questões urgentes no debate público de seus respectivos tempos históricos. Assim, propomos um diálogo transversal entre os dois pensadores a partir da dimensão onírica (a instituição do sonho), que talvez melhor atravesse suas afinidades e diferenças. Embora pareça inusitada uma associação entre Glauber Rocha e os ameríndios, ou entre Ailton Krenak e o Cinema Novo, o ensaio enfatiza a afinidade intempestiva da instituição do sonho nas ressonâncias e dissidências entre os manifestos de Glauber Rocha “Eztetyka da Fome” (1965) e “Eztetyka do sonho” (1971) e os livros de Ailton Krenak, Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo (2020) e A vida não é útil (2021).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Distension of the rectum wall and subsequent momentary relaxation of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) trigger a reflex called the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR). This same rectal distension causes a reflex contraction of the external anal sphincter (EAS), responsible for conscious continence called rectoanal excitatory reflex (RAER). This set of reflexes are named sampling reflex. Objectives: The sampling reflex is necessary to initiate defecation or flatulence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the sampling reflex and its practical applicability as a manometric marker of the main defecation disorders. Methodology: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) items. The development method consisted of searching for articles in the research platforms BVS, PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO and ScienceDirect and for the selection of articles the Rayyan Platform was used. The articles resulting from the search strategies were added to the platform and five collaborators were invited for the blind selection. Finally, 6 articles were included in the final review. Results: An intact sampling reflex allows the individual to facilitate discrimination between flatus and stool and to choose whether to discharge or retain rectal contents. On the other hand, an impaired sampling reflex can predispose an individual to incontinence. Therefore, it was observed that patients with defecation disorders had an impaired sampling reflex, since it was found that constipated patients have incomplete opening of the IAS, lower amplitude of RAIR and increase of RAER. Most incontinent patients present a failure in the recruitment of the EAS, a decrease in the RAER and an increase in the RAIR, in duration and amplitude.

Abstract Higher education has been investigated by many studies, since there is a high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in undergraduate students, if compared to general population. This study aimed to verify the relationship between self-esteem and the level of mental health of university students in the health area of a higher education institution in the city of Brasília-DF, Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 465 students from the Psychology, Nursing, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Physical Education, Biomedicine, Nutrition and Radiology courses, where the Mental Health Inventory and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used. We observed that the majority of students had moderate and high levels of mental health. Lower scores on the level of mental health were found in the Biomedicine, Nursing and Dentistry courses. A positive correlation was found between self-esteem and mental health (Spearman's rho = 0.710; p <0.001), revealing that the higher the self-esteem, the higher the level of mental health. We observed a positive correlation between distress and psychological well-being. Self-esteem and mental health are fundamental constructs for human development, in view of this study it is worth emphasizing the importance of this knowledge and practice in the academic environment so that the university student has tools and skills to build and implement the fundamentals of healthy self-esteem and good health mental in your daily life

Resumo O ensino superior tem sido foco de investigação de várias pesquisas, visto que há uma alta prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão nessa população, quando comparada a população geral. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre a autoestima e o nível de saúde mental de universitários da área de saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior na cidade de Brasília-DF, Brasil. Estudo transversal com 465 estudantes dos cursos de Psicologia, Enfermagem, Farmácia, Odontologia, Educação Física, Biomedicina, Nutrição e Radiologia, onde foi utilizado o Inventário de Saúde Mental e a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Observamos que a maioria dos estudantes apresentou níveis de saúde mental moderado e alto. Escores mais reduzidos do nível de saúde mental foram encontrados nos cursos de Biomedicina, Enfermagem e Odontologia. Foi encontrada correlação positiva entre autoestima e saúde mental (rho de Spearman = 0,710; p<0,001), revelando que quanto maior a autoestima maior o nível de saúde mental. Observamos uma correlação positiva entre distresse e bem-estar psicológico. A autoestima e a saúde mental são constructos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento humano, diante desse estudo vale ressaltar a importância desse conhecimento e prática no ambiente acadêmico para que o universitário tenha ferramentas e habilidades para construir e implementar os fundamentos de uma autoestima saudável e uma boa saúde mental em sua vida diária.

Pt-Y/C catalysts were prepared by a modified formic acid method and their structural characteristics and activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were evaluated. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that no alloy was formed between the metals and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments showed that yttrium is presented as Y2O3, Y(OH)3 and Y-O-Pt species. CO stripping voltammetry and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed the interaction between Pt nanoparticles and yttrium species. The Pt-Y/C 7:3 material showed the higher specific activity (103 µA cmPt2) for ORR. Following repetitive potential cycling, the activity for the ORR of the Pt-Y/C 7:3 catalyst declined in a similar proportion to the Pt/C material. Transmission electron microscopy analysis after stability for both catalysts showed that Pt/C particle size slightly increased and that for Pt-Y/C 7:3 remained the same. XPS made in ultrathin catalyst layer, agreeing with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, revealed that the intensities of the Y 3d peaks were suppressed relative to the initial one and that yttrium in the form of Y2O3 and Y(OH)3 were dissolved, while the species Y–O–Pt still remain in the catalyst, maintaining the higher activity.

RESUMO O uso da irrigação desempenha papel fundamental no avanço das fronteiras agrícolas e no aumento da produtividade nas áreas de cultivo, principalmente em ambientes semiáridos que apresentam alta variação espaço-temporal de chuvas. Essa prática é sugerida até mesmo para cultivos adaptados como palma forrageira (Opuntia sp.) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor). Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a rentabilidade do uso da irrigação no sistema solteiro e sistema consorciado palma-sorgo no semiárido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 × 3: cinco lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência - ET0) e três sistemas de cultivo (palma forrageira solteira, sorgo solteiro e consórcio palma-sorgo), com quatro repetições. O tratamento 0% ET0 correspondeu à condição de sequeiro com uma lâmina de 355 mm. Foi conduzido um ciclo de palma e dois de sorgo (planta e rebrota) compreendidos de novembro 2014 a novembro de 2015. Verificou-se que os maiores custos para implantação dos sistemas de cultivo em condições irrigadas se devem à aquisição do sistema de irrigação e insumos, representando 85,3% do custo operacional efetivo. O sistema sorgo solteiro e o sistema palma forrageira-sorgo proporcionaram as maiores produtividades de matéria fresca (62.013,05 e 60.075,36 kg ha-1), respectivamente. Com base em indicadores econômicos, a adoção de lâminas de irrigação (25, 50, 75 e 100% ET0) promoveu lucros para os sistemas (solteiro e consorciado) a partir do segundo ano de implantação.

ABSTRACT Irrigation plays a fundamental role in advancing agricultural frontiers and increasing crop productivity, especially in semi-arid environments, because they exhibit high spatiotemporal rainfall variation. This practice is suggested even for adapted crops, such as forage cactus (Opuntia sp.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and single or intercropping systems. In this study, aimed to evaluate the profitability of using irrigation in a single and intercropping forage cactus-sorghum system in a semi-arid region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement: five drip irrigation depths (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration - ET0) and three cropping systems (single forage cactus, single sorghum, and intercropping forage cactus-sorghum), with four replicates. The 0% ET0 treatment corresponded to rainfed conditions at a depth of 355 mm. A cycle of forage cactus and two sorghum cultivars (plant and regrowth) was conducted between November 2014 and November 2015. It was verified that the highest costs for implantation of the crop systems in irrigated conditions are due to the acquisition of irrigation and input systems, representing 85.3% of the effective operational cost. The single sorghum and forage cactus-sorghum systems provided the highest fresh matter productivity (62,013.05 and 60,075.36 kg ha-1, respectively). Based on economic indicators, the adoption of irrigation depths (25, 50, 75, and 100% ET0) promoted profits for the systems (single and intercropping) from the second year of implementation.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar o excesso de óbitos durante a pandemia de covid-19 em Santa Catarina e suas macrorregiões, Brasil, 2020-2021. Métodos: estudo ecológico, com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; o excesso de óbitos em adultos foi calculado pela diferença entre óbitos observados e óbitos esperados, considerando-se a média das mortes ocorridas entre 2015 e 2019; foram analisadas as variáveis “macrorregião de residência”, “trimestre”, “mês”, “sexo” e “faixa etária”; os dados foram analisados descritivamente. Resultados: excesso de 6.315 óbitos em 2020 e de 17.391 em 2021, majoritariamente no sexo masculino (57,4%) e nas idades acima de 60 anos (74,0%); as macrorregiões e períodos com maior excedente foram aqueles com mais mortes por covid-19; o maior excesso ocorreu em março de 2021 (n = 4.207), com queda progressiva até o final do ano. Conclusão:houve excesso de óbitos em Santa Catarina e todas as suas macrorregiões durante a pandemia de covid-19.

RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar el exceso de muertes en Santa Catarina y macrorregiones durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en los años 2020 y 2021. Métodos: estudio ecológico utilizando Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. El exceso de defunciones en adultos se calculó por la diferencia entre defunciones observadas y esperadas, considerando el promedio de defunciones entre 2015 y 2019. Las variables analizadas fueron: macrorregión de residencia, trimestre, mes, sexo y grupo de edad. Los datos se analizaron descriptivamente. Resultados: el exceso fue de 6.315 defunciones en 2020 y 17.391 en 2021, mayor en varones (57,4%) y mayores de 60 años (74,0%). Las macrorregiones y periodos con mayor superávit fueron los que registraron más muertes por COVID-19. El mayor exceso de muertes ocurrió en marzo de 2021 (n=4.207), con una disminución progresiva hasta el final del año. Conclusión: hubo exceso de muertes en Santa Catarina y en todas macrorregiones durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Santa Catarina and its macro-regions, Brazil, 2020-2021. Methods: this was an ecological study, using data from the Mortality Information System; excess deaths in adults were calculated by the difference between the observed number of deaths and expected number of deaths, taking into account the average of deaths that occurred between 2015 and 2019; the variables “macro-region of residence”, “quarter”, “month”, “sex” and “age group” were analyzed; data were analyzed in a descriptive manner. Results: a total of 6,315 excess deaths in 2020 and 17,391 in 2021, mostly in males (57.4%) and those aged 60 years and older (74.0%); macro-regions and periods with the greatest excess deaths were those in which there were most deaths due to COVID-19; the greatest excess deaths occurred in March 2021 (n = 4,207), with a progressive decrease until the end of the year. Conclusion: there were excess deaths in the state of Santa Catarina and in all its macro-regions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT Variation in rainfall affects crops; therefore, agricultural practices become essential for forage production in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different agricultural practices on phyllochron, structural characteristics of forage cactus and millet, and their relations with crop yield using the principal component analysis (PCA). The design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments: sole cropped cactus without straw mulching, sole cropped cactus with straw mulching, sole cropped millet without straw mulching, sole cropped millet with straw mulching, and cactus intercropping with millet, with and without straw mulching, each with four replicates. There were three cactus cycles and nine millet cycles (three cycles of cultivars BRS1501 and six of IPA Bulk-1-BF). Biometric parameters were evaluated monthly, while yield was determined after the crop harvest. Phyllochron was determined with the regression analysis. The PCA was applied to structural characteristics and yield. The systems adopted did not influence the structural characteristics of cactus and millet ( p > 0.05), except for cladode thickness, which increased with straw mulching. Phyllochron of the millet reduced when the crop was intercropped. The structural characteristics of cladode length, width, and thickness influenced crop yield, mainly in systems with straw mulching. Straw mulching and intercropping alter phyllochron of cactus and millet. The adoption of straw mulching has a more significant relationship with cactus yield, whereas biometric variables influence crop yield for millet, not the cropping system.

Abstract Objective This review synthesized existing studies on the prevalence of chronic pain in Brazil and its associated factors to produce a recent estimation to guide public health politics. Methods A search was carried out in the Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and BVS Regional/Lilacs databases to identify population-based cross-sectional studies from 2005 to 2020, which reported the prevalence of benign chronic pain in Brazil (more than three months). The risk of bias was assessed using design, sample size determination, and random selection as essential issues. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for chronic pain in the general and elderly populations. The protocol was registered on Prospero (CRD42021249678). Results Of the 682 identified, 15 macheted the authors’ inclusion criteria. Chronic pain prevalence in the general adult population ranged from 23.02% to 41.4% (pooled estimate 35.70%, 95% Cis 30.42 to 41.17) and was described as moderate to intense. It was associated with female sex, old age, lower education, intense professional activity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, central obesity, mood disorder, and sedentarism. The Southeastern and Southern regions presented a higher prevalence. The prevalence in the elderly population ranged from 29.3% to 76.2% (pooled estimate 47.32%, 95% Cis 33.73 to 61.11). In addition, this population visited doctors more frequently, had more sleep disorders, and was more dependent on daily living activities. Almost fifty percent of both populations with chronic pain reported pain-induced disability. Conclusion Chronic Pain is highly prevalent in Brazil and associated with significant distress, disability, and poorly controlled.

ABSTRACT Objective: to estimate excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic in the state of Santa Catarina and its macro-regions, Brazil, 2020-2021. Methods: this was an ecological study, using data from the Mortality Information System; excess deaths in adults were calculated by the difference between the observed number of deaths and expected number of deaths, taking into account the average of deaths that occurred between 2015 and 2019; the variables “macro-region of residence”, “quarter”, “month”, “sex” and “age group” were analyzed; data were analyzed in a descriptive manner. Results: a total of 6,315 excess deaths in 2020 and 17,391 in 2021, mostly in males (57.4%) and those aged 60 years and older (74.0%); macro-regions and periods with the greatest excess deaths were those in which there were most deaths due to COVID-19; the greatest excess deaths occurred in March 2021 (n = 4,207), with a progressive decrease until the end of the year. Conclusion: there were excess deaths in the state of Santa Catarina and in all its macro-regions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: estimar el exceso de muertes en Santa Catarina y macrorregiones durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en los años 2020 y 2021. Métodos: estudio ecológico utilizando Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. El exceso de defunciones en adultos se calculó por la diferencia entre defunciones observadas y esperadas, considerando el promedio de defunciones entre 2015 y 2019. Las variables analizadas fueron: macrorregión de residencia, trimestre, mes, sexo y grupo de edad. Los datos se analizaron descriptivamente. Resultados: el exceso fue de 6.315 defunciones en 2020 y 17.391 en 2021, mayor en varones (57,4%) y mayores de 60 años (74,0%). Las macrorregiones y periodos con mayor superávit fueron los que registraron más muertes por COVID-19. El mayor exceso de muertes ocurrió en marzo de 2021 (n=4.207), con una disminución progresiva hasta el final del año. Conclusión: hubo exceso de muertes en Santa Catarina y en todas macrorregiones durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar o excesso de óbitos durante a pandemia de covid-19 em Santa Catarina e suas macrorregiões, Brasil, 2020-2021. Métodos: estudo ecológico, com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade; o excesso de óbitos em adultos foi calculado pela diferença entre óbitos observados e óbitos esperados, considerando-se a média das mortes ocorridas entre 2015 e 2019; foram analisadas as variáveis “macrorregião de residência”, “trimestre”, “mês”, “sexo” e “faixa etária”; os dados foram analisados descritivamente. Resultados: excesso de 6.315 óbitos em 2020 e de 17.391 em 2021, majoritariamente no sexo masculino (57,4%) e nas idades acima de 60 anos (74,0%); as macrorregiões e períodos com maior excedente foram aqueles com mais mortes por covid-19; o maior excesso ocorreu em março de 2021 (n = 4.207), com queda progressiva até o final do ano. Conclusão:houve excesso de óbitos em Santa Catarina e todas as suas macrorregiões durante a pandemia de covid-19.

ABSTRACT Global consumption of oilseeds has been growing progressively in the last five growing seasons, in which soybean represents 60% of this sector. Thus, in order to maintain a high production in the region of Rio Verde, State of Goiás, against the phytopathological problems, this study aimed to define the best spectral range for the detection of H. glycines and P. brachyurus by linear regressions in soybean at R3 stage, as well as the elaboration of mathematical models through multiple linear regressions. For this, soil and root were sampled in the experimental area, as well as a flight was performed with the Sentera sensor. Data were used for the elaboration of regressions and for the validation of 2 mathematical models. Significant values were observed in simple linear regression only for cysts, in the visible range, with a good R² value for the Green, Red and 568 nm bands, to nonviable cysts. When working with the stepwise statistics, better results are found for H. glycines, which now has an R²(aj) of 0.7430 and P. brachyurus is then detected. From the mathematical model obtained with the multiple linear regression for non-viable cysts with an R²(aj) of 0.7430, it is possible to detect the spatial distribution of nematodes across the soybean field, in order to perform a localized management, optimizing the applications. Good results are also possible using the mathematical model obtained by simple linear regression.